See er- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- in unstressed positions.\nThe Middle Dutch er- prefix mostly merged with ver- and her- in Modern Dutch.\nThe current prefix is therefore either a direct continuation of this prefix or loaned from Old High German ir-, Middle High German er-.\nA prefix with the same origin but in stressed positions is oor-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erachten"
},
{
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"word": "erbieden"
},
{
"word": "erdenken"
},
{
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"word": "erduchten"
},
{
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"word": "erlangen"
},
{
"word": "ervaren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inseparable verbal prefix that indicates the cause or beginning of an action"
],
"id": "en-er--nl-prefix-VSkD3rc8",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg/Nl-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbetteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeuten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbieten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbitten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbohren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erborgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrausen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrüten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ereignen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfechten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfeilschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfliegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfochten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfolgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erforschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfreuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfrieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfüllen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergänzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergründen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhängen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erheben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhitzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhoffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhöhen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erholen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erinnern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkälten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erklären"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkranken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erlauben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erledigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleuchten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erlösen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ernähren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "eröffnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erreichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erscheinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschießen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschweren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ersehnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ersparen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erstaunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ertragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ertrinken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ertüfteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwähnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwarten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erweisen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erweitern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwerben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzählen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzeugen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erziehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzittern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmh:er-<ety:inh<goh:ir-<ety:inh<gmw-pro:*uʀ->>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uz-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uʀ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"ir-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"er-\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"4": "",
"5": "up, out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ur-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ur-",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "up"
},
"expansion": "English up",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\nFrom Middle High German er-, from Old High German ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, English a-. Doublet of ur-. Compare the use of English up in various verb constructions to emphasize a result, such as rustle up, work up, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "verbal prefixes"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 18 18 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 16 16 3 3 4 6 6 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + wachsen (“to grow”) → erwachsen (“to arise”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-yrdXIKmX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + drücken (“to push, squeeze”) → erdrücken (“to squeeze dead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "er- + frieren (“to freeze”) → erfrieren (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-IzPKaW1W",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + arbeiten (“to work”) → erarbeiten (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-xIDOGbzw",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛɐ̯/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"note": "common speech"
},
{
"audio": "De-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/De-er-.ogg/De-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/De-er-.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "de",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German er-",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"3": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German er-, from Old High German ir-, and/or from Middle Low German er-, from Old Saxon ā-, both from Proto-Germanic *uz-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erbarmlig"
},
{
"word": "erbjuda"
},
{
"word": "erfara"
},
{
"word": "erhålla"
},
{
"word": "erkänna"
},
{
"word": "erlägga"
},
{
"word": "ernå"
},
{
"word": "ersätta"
},
{
"word": "ertappa"
},
{
"word": "erövra"
},
{
"word": "oerhörd"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates an emphasizing meaning"
],
"id": "en-er--sv-prefix-j1N~gtH5",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*er-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian A ar-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"id": "en-er--txb-verb-htvyQbXB",
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"id": "en-er--txb-verb-jvAHtxO-",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "i-affected form of ar-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "er-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "her-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
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},
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + glynu (“to attach”) → erlyn (“to pursue, prosecute”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, above, sur-, super-, epi-"
],
"id": "en-er--cy-prefix-kxhcEbFx",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-"
],
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"epi-",
"epi-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Affection (linguistics)"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "ar-"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "er-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tocharian/er-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 16 6 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"id": "en-er--ine-toc-pro-verb-htvyQbXB",
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 16 6 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Tocharian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"id": "en-er--ine-toc-pro-verb-jvAHtxO-",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ede"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ede",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *ede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/er-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 16 6 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 28 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 20 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samoyedic postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"front"
],
"id": "en-er--syd-pro-noun-LY1pMXes",
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nganasan",
"lang_code": "nio",
"roman": "njirini",
"word": "нирині"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk-for",
"roman": "dyiłʹnya",
"sense": "next to; against, opposite to",
"word": "диԓьня"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk-tun",
"roman": "yirnya",
"sense": "next to; against, opposite to",
"word": "ирня"
}
],
"lang": "Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "jīr",
"sense": "before, earlier; long ago",
"word": "ӣр"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"word": "*īr"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "irən",
"sense": "before, earlier; long ago",
"word": "ирән"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "irne",
"sense": "in front of; before",
"word": "ирне"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ede"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ede",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *ede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "postp"
},
"expansion": "*er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/er-",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 16 6 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in front of"
],
"id": "en-er--syd-pro-postp-TY7IuR1u",
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-er--syd-pro-postp-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "erachten"
},
{
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"word": "erbieden"
},
{
"word": "erdenken"
},
{
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"word": "erduchten"
},
{
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"word": "erlangen"
},
{
"word": "ervaren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- in unstressed positions.\nThe Middle Dutch er- prefix mostly merged with ver- and her- in Modern Dutch.\nThe current prefix is therefore either a direct continuation of this prefix or loaned from Old High German ir-, Middle High German er-.\nA prefix with the same origin but in stressed positions is oor-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"inseparable verbal prefix that indicates the cause or beginning of an action"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg/Nl-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"German doublets",
"German entries with etymology trees",
"German entries with etymon",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂ew",
"German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *úd",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German verbal prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"word": "erbauen"
},
{
"word": "erbeben"
},
{
"word": "erbeten"
},
{
"word": "erbetteln"
},
{
"word": "erbeuten"
},
{
"word": "erbieten"
},
{
"word": "erbitten"
},
{
"word": "erbohren"
},
{
"word": "erborgen"
},
{
"word": "erbrausen"
},
{
"word": "erbrechen"
},
{
"word": "erbrüten"
},
{
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"word": "ereignen"
},
{
"word": "erfahren"
},
{
"word": "erfassen"
},
{
"word": "erfechten"
},
{
"word": "erfeilschen"
},
{
"word": "erfinden"
},
{
"word": "erfliegen"
},
{
"word": "erfochten"
},
{
"word": "erfolgen"
},
{
"word": "erforschen"
},
{
"word": "erfreuen"
},
{
"word": "erfrieren"
},
{
"word": "erfüllen"
},
{
"word": "ergänzen"
},
{
"word": "ergeben"
},
{
"word": "ergehen"
},
{
"word": "ergründen"
},
{
"word": "erhalten"
},
{
"word": "erhängen"
},
{
"word": "erheben"
},
{
"word": "erhellen"
},
{
"word": "erhitzen"
},
{
"word": "erhoffen"
},
{
"word": "erhöhen"
},
{
"word": "erholen"
},
{
"word": "erinnern"
},
{
"word": "erkälten"
},
{
"word": "erkaufen"
},
{
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"word": "erklären"
},
{
"word": "erkranken"
},
{
"word": "erlauben"
},
{
"word": "erleben"
},
{
"word": "erledigen"
},
{
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"word": "erleuchten"
},
{
"word": "erlösen"
},
{
"word": "ernähren"
},
{
"word": "eröffnen"
},
{
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"word": "erreichen"
},
{
"word": "erschallen"
},
{
"word": "erscheinen"
},
{
"word": "erschießen"
},
{
"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"word": "erschweren"
},
{
"word": "ersehnen"
},
{
"word": "ersparen"
},
{
"word": "erstaunen"
},
{
"word": "ertragen"
},
{
"word": "ertrinken"
},
{
"word": "ertüfteln"
},
{
"word": "erwähnen"
},
{
"word": "erwarten"
},
{
"word": "erwecken"
},
{
"word": "erweisen"
},
{
"word": "erweitern"
},
{
"word": "erwerben"
},
{
"word": "erzählen"
},
{
"word": "erzeugen"
},
{
"word": "erziehen"
},
{
"word": "erzielen"
},
{
"word": "erzittern"
},
{
"word": "erzwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmh:er-<ety:inh<goh:ir-<ety:inh<gmw-pro:*uʀ->>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uz-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uʀ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"ir-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"er-\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"4": "",
"5": "up, out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ur-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ur-",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "up"
},
"expansion": "English up",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\nFrom Middle High German er-, from Old High German ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, English a-. Doublet of ur-. Compare the use of English up in various verb constructions to emphasize a result, such as rustle up, work up, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "verbal prefixes"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + wachsen (“to grow”) → erwachsen (“to arise”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + drücken (“to push, squeeze”) → erdrücken (“to squeeze dead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "er- + frieren (“to freeze”) → erfrieren (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + arbeiten (“to work”) → erarbeiten (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛɐ̯/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"note": "common speech"
},
{
"audio": "De-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/De-er-.ogg/De-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/De-er-.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samoyedic lemmas",
"Proto-Samoyedic nouns",
"Proto-Samoyedic postpositions",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ede"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ede",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *ede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/er-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"front"
],
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Samoyedic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samoyedic lemmas",
"Proto-Samoyedic nouns",
"Proto-Samoyedic postpositions",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samoyedic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nganasan",
"lang_code": "nio",
"roman": "njirini",
"word": "нирині"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk-for",
"roman": "dyiłʹnya",
"sense": "next to; against, opposite to",
"word": "диԓьня"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk-tun",
"roman": "yirnya",
"sense": "next to; against, opposite to",
"word": "ирня"
}
],
"lang": "Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "jīr",
"sense": "before, earlier; long ago",
"word": "ӣр"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"word": "*īr"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "irən",
"sense": "before, earlier; long ago",
"word": "ирән"
},
{
"lang": "Mator",
"lang_code": "mtm",
"roman": "irne",
"sense": "in front of; before",
"word": "ирне"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*ede"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *ede",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *ede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "postp"
},
"expansion": "*er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/er-",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in front of"
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Tocharian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Tocharian lemmas",
"Proto-Tocharian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Tocharian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Tocharian verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "ar-"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "er-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tocharian/er-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "erbarmlig"
},
{
"word": "erbjuda"
},
{
"word": "erfara"
},
{
"word": "erhålla"
},
{
"word": "erkänna"
},
{
"word": "erlägga"
},
{
"word": "ernå"
},
{
"word": "ersätta"
},
{
"word": "ertappa"
},
{
"word": "erövra"
},
{
"word": "oerhörd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "de",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German er-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German er-, from Old High German ir-, and/or from Middle Low German er-, from Old Saxon ā-, both from Proto-Germanic *uz-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish prefixes",
"Swedish terms derived from German",
"Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old High German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates an emphasizing meaning"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header",
"Tocharian B lemmas",
"Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian B verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*er-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian A ar-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "i-affected form of ar-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "er-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "her-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + glynu (“to attach”) → erlyn (“to pursue, prosecute”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, above, sur-, super-, epi-"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-"
],
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"epi-",
"epi-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Affection (linguistics)"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for er- meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: er-/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"er-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "er-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: er-/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"er-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "er-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"er-",
"Template:inh",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
],
"section": "Tocharian B",
"subsection": "",
"title": "er-",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 278096799<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 01:44:25 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"er-",
"Template:inh",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
],
"section": "Tocharian B",
"subsection": "",
"title": "er-",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 286083914<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 01:45:20 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.